论杜威的经验哲学与经验自然主义课程观

On Dewey’s Empirical Philosophy and Empirical Naturalistic View of Curriculum

摘要: 杜威反对传统的二元论哲学，认为哲学上出现形形色色的对峙与斗争，主要是犯了二元论的错误。通过对传统和近代的经验概念进行整合并创生，提出其独特的经验哲学，即经验自然主义。在其哲学观基础上提出的经验自然主义课程观认为，儿童的学习不应是一种强制性的过程，而是一种对真理的探索和实践。为此杜威提出经验应该成为课程的主要内容，以教材心理化作为课程的主要组织形式，强调经验与知识的统一；以主动作业作为课程的形态，强调儿童学习与生活经验相统一。

Abstract: Dewey opposes the traditional dualistic philosophy and believes that the various confrontations and struggles have arisen in philosophy are mainly committed by the error of dualism. By integrating and creating the ancient and the recent concept of experience, he proposed his unique philosophy of experience, namely empirical naturalism. The empirical naturalistic view of curriculum proposed on the basis of his philosophical outlook believes children’s learning should not be a compulsory process, but a search and practice of truth. For this reason, he emphasizes experience should be the main content of the curriculum, the psychologization of teaching materials should be the main form of organization of the curriculum, taking unity of experience and knowledge; and active work should be the shape of the curriculum, taking unity of children’s learning and life experience.