基本权利冲突的本质属性及解决路径

The Nature of Fundamental Rights Conflicts and the Path to Resolution

摘要: 随着法治建设不断推进，公民基本权利的范围逐步扩大，基本权利冲突的问题也将愈发突出。基本权利冲突在形式上体现为私主体之间的权利冲突，但实质上涉及国家公权力对私权的分配与协调，学界主流观点以基本权利之间是否存在位阶关系以及比例原则的适用作为化解权利冲突的解决思路。然而，权利位阶理论是否具有普适性还需要经过进一步验证，比例原则也存在正当性的理论困境，必须结合个案进行针对性考量，同时确立审判原则避免裁量权过度。

Abstract: With the continuous promotion of the rule of law, the scope of citizens’ basic rights has been gradually expanded, and the problem of conflict of fundamental rights will become more and more prominent. The mainstream view in the academic field is whether there is a hierarchical relationship between fundamental rights and the application of the principle of proportionality as the solution to the conflict of rights. However, whether the theory of hierarchy of rights is universal needs to be further verified, and the principle of proportionality also has the theoretical dilemma of legitimacy, which must be considered in the context of individual cases, while establishing the principle of trial to avoid excessive discretion.