承运人无正本提单放货的法律责任

The Legal Liability of Carrier without Original Bill of Lading

摘要: 随着我国航运业的不断发展，无单放货现象频发，而承运人无单放货的行为更是占据了多数。本文首先对承运人无单放货行为的产生原因进行分析，然后对无单放货行为进行了界定，分析我国学者对无单放货法律责任的性质的研究，以侵权和违约竞合说进行定性较为合适，最后针对承运人无单放货应承担的具体责任以及免责事由进行了论述，在此明确了在倒签、预借提单、凭伪造提单放货、记名提单无单放货时应当承担的法律责任，进而明确了违约责任与侵权责任的赔偿范围，与无单放货的免责情形。

Abstract: With the continuous development of China’s shipping industry, the phenomenon of no single discharge occurs frequently, and the carrier’s behavior of no single discharge is the majority. This paper firstly analyzes the causes of the carrier’s behavior of no single discharge, and then defines the behavior of no single discharge, analyzes the research of Chinese scholars on the nature of the legal liability of no single discharge, and says that it is more appropriate to conduct qualitative analysis with the infringement and breach of contract. Finally, the specific responsibility that the carrier should bear and the excuse for the carrier’s no single discharge is discussed. This article clarifies the legal liabilities that should be borne when backsigning bills of lading, borrowing bills of lading, releasing goods with forged bills of lading, and releasing goods without bills of lading, and clarifying the scope of damages for breach of contract and tort liability, and the exemption from liability for releasing goods without bills of lading.