取保候审保证人担保方式中保证人追责体系研究

Research on the Guarantor Accountability System in the Guarantee Method of the Guarantor on Bail Pending Trial

摘要: 在我国宽严相济刑事政策背景下，依法规范和扩大取保候审这一非羁押性强制措施的适用具有重要意义。与取保候审的另一种担保方式即保证金担保相比，保证人担保具有强约束力确保义务履行、避免因贫富差距导致的不公、提升对被取保候审人的监管效果等优势，但没有受到足够重视。欲提高保证人担保方式的适用率，首先要对其适用过程中存在的问题进行针对性完善：针对保证人担保的法律规定不够明晰、存在漏洞的问题，需立法机关对相关内容进一步细化和补充；二是对脱保时保证人的追责体系不够完善，除了对保证人进行罚款以及根据担保人在脱保行为中所起的不同作用追究其相应的刑事责任之外，对于目前尚且无法规制的保证人恶意担保等情况，应当加大惩戒力度，探索设立独立新罪名的可能性。

Abstract: Under the background of China’s criminal policy of combining mercy with severity, it is of great significance to standardize and expand the application of the non-custodial compulsory measure of obtaining bail pending trial. Compared with another guarantee method of guarantor pending trial, namely deposit guarantee, the guarantor guarantee has the advantages of strong binding force to ensure the performance of obligations, avoid the injustice caused by the gap between the rich and the poor, and improve the supervision effect of the guarantor pending trial, but it has not received enough attention. In order to improve the application rate of the guarantee method, the problems existing in the application process should be improved. For the problems of the guarantee, the legislature need to further refine and supplement the relevant contents; second, the accountability system for the guarantor in the event of the guarantee is not perfect. In addition to fining the guarantor and according to the guarantor’s different roles in the act of warranty to investigate his criminal responsibility, for the cases that cannot be handled currently such as malicious guarantee and so on, punishment should be intensified, and to explore the possibility of establishing independent new charges.