国家管辖范围外海洋保护区的困境与立法研究

Research on the Dilemma and Legislation of Marine Protected Areas beyond National Jurisdiction

摘要: 如何建立国家管辖范围以外的海洋保护区，在法律层面还存在许多的不足，本文将展开研究。本文比较分析了各不同区域海洋保护区的政策，最终归纳总结，从基础概念入手，对海洋保护区的法律框架的构建提出相关建议。建立海洋保护区本质上是对于过度开采等破坏海洋生态环境行为的一种限制，现存立法存在诸多问题。缺乏对第三方有约束力的法律文件，《海洋法公约》也无法提供直接指导实践的规范。保护海洋环境健康是国际社会共同利益所在，填补此方面法律空白是符合国际法精神的。在具体实践中，坚持“可持续发展”理念，推进全球给共同治理海洋环境健康、保护海洋环境多样性，是符合国际社会整体利益要求的，对于合理开发利用海洋资源具有一定的现实意义。国际社会联合起来构建完善的国际海洋法体系对海洋环境保护具有极其深远的意义。

Abstract: There are still many legal shortcomings in establishing marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction, and this article will conduct research. This article compares and analyzes the policies of marine protected areas in different regions, and finally summarizes them. Starting from basic concepts, relevant suggestions are proposed for the construction of the legal framework of marine protected areas. The establishment of marine protected areas is essentially a limitation on behaviors that damage the marine ecological environment, such as excessive exploitation, and there are many problems with existing legislation. The lack of binding legal documents for third parties and the inability of the Convention on the Law of the Sea to provide direct guidance on practical norms. Protecting the health of the marine environment is a common interest of the international community, and filling this legal gap is in line with the spirit of international law. In specific practice, adhering to the concept of “sustainable development” and promoting global efforts to jointly govern marine environmental health and protect marine environmental diversity is in line with the overall interests of the international community, and has certain practical significance for the rational development and utilization of marine resources. The joint efforts of the international community to build a sound international system of ocean law have extremely profound significance for the protection of the marine environment.