不法原因给付视角下催收非法债务行为的规范性认定

Normative Determination of the Collection of an Illegitimate Debt in the Context of Payment for Unlawful Reasons

摘要: 《刑法》第293条之一所保护的法益不包括财产法益，而是社会法益与公民个人的人身权利。结合不法原因给付制度，应以“4倍LPR”替代“24%基准线”整体沿用“两线三区”的划分，同时将超过“36%基准线”的绝对违法债务排除出本罪的适用范畴。在讨论本罪与财产犯罪等罪区分依据的基础上将严重程度不同的催收行为与不同性质的非法债务进行组合，可以规范认定本罪与类似犯罪的竞合问题。

Abstract: The legal interests protected under article 293 (1) of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China do not include property legal interests, but rather social legal interests and the personal rights of individual citizens. In conjunction with the system of payment for unlawful reasons, the “24% baseline” should be replaced by “4 times LPR”, and the “two lines and three districts” should be followed to exclude the application of the crime for absolute unlawful debts exceeding the “36% baseline”. On the basis of a discussion of the basis for distinguishing this crime from property crimes, combining debt collection practices of varying severity with illegitimate debts of different nature, it is possible to regulate the issue of recognizing the similarity of the crime to similar crimes.