超声内镜在食管结核临床诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用前景分析

Application Prospect of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Clinical Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Esophageal Tuberculosis

摘要: 食管结核的发病率较低，且临床表现缺乏特异性，这常使得它难以通过传统的内镜检查和影像学方法与食管癌及食管平滑肌瘤等相鉴别，导致诊断和治疗上的误区。这样的误诊或过度治疗不仅增加了医疗资源负担，还可能对患者造成未必要的身体和精神伤害。超声内镜作为一个可以详细展现食管壁各层结构的诊断工具，为分析食管结核病变的区域、了解其内部结构特征提供了更为深入的视角。本文通过系统地回顾和分析国内外文献，总结了食管结核在超声内镜检查下的特点，以及与食管癌和食管平滑肌瘤等其他食管疾病在超声内镜下的鉴别要点。讨论了超声内镜对于提升食管结核诊断准确率的重要性。旨在为临床医生提供实用的诊断思路和指南，以期优化诊疗策略，减少食管结核误诊的发生，保障患者利益。

Abstract: The incidence of esophageal tuberculosis is low, and the lack of clinical manifestations of specificity, which often makes it difficult to distinguish from esophageal cancer and esophageal leiomyoma through traditional endoscopic examination and imaging methods, leading to misunderstandings in diagnosis and treatment. Such misdiagnosis or overtreatment not only increases the burden of medical resources, but also may cause unnecessarily physical and mental harm to patients. As a di-agnostic tool, endoscopic ultrasound that can show the structure of all layers of the esophageal wall in detail, provides a more in-depth perspective for the analysis of the area of esophageal tuberculo-sis disease and understanding its internal structural characteristics. Through a systematic review and analysis of domestic and foreign literature, this paper summarizes the characteristics of esophageal tuberculosis under endoscopic ultrasound and differentiate from other esophageal dis-eases such as esophageal cancer and esophageal leiomyoma. The importance of ultrasound endos-copy to improve the diagnostic accuracy of esophageal tuberculosis is discussed. The aim is to pro-vide clinicians with practical diagnostic ideas and guidelines, in order to optimize the diagnosis and treatment strategy, reduce the occurrence of esophageal tuberculosis misdiagnosis, and protect the interests of patients.