维生素D调控T细胞在儿童重症肺炎发病中的作用研究进展

Research Progress on the Vitamin D in Regulating T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Severe Pneumonia in Children

摘要: 肺炎在发展中国家中是造成5岁以下儿童死亡和住院的最常见的原因，严重威胁儿童生命和健康。重症肺炎病情危重，进展迅速，易导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征、感染性休克、急性肾功能衰竭等并发症，对患者生命安全构成极大威胁。感染是儿童肺炎发生的最主要原因，病原体进入机体后，首先会激活固有免疫系统，当固有免疫无法清除入侵病原体时包括T细胞免疫在内的功能更强大的适应性免疫则会发挥效应。维生素D除了在骨稳态中的经典功能外，还在宿主防御、炎症、免疫和上皮修复发挥重要作用。维生素D缺乏的儿童在患重症肺炎时属于高危组，这意味着补充维生素D可能对这些患者有益。而T细胞在适应性免疫应答当中占据核心地位，维生素D可作为一种免疫调节剂通过直接、间接方式调控T细胞参与重症肺炎的发生、发展。本文综述维生素D调控T淋巴在细胞儿童重症肺炎发生发展中的作用及最新进展。

Abstract: Pneumonia is the most common cause of death and hospitalization in children under 5 years of age in developing countries, posing a serious threat to children’s lives and health. Severe pneumonia is severe and progresses rapidly, easily leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, acute renal failure and other complications, posing a great threat to patients’ life safety. In addition to its classic function in bone homeostasis, vitamin D also plays an important role in host defense, inflammation, immunity, and epithelial repair. Children with vitamin D deficiency are in the high-risk group for severe pneumonia, meaning vitamin D supplements may benefit these patients. T cells play a central role in adaptive immune response, and vitamin D can directly and indirectly regulate T cells to participate in the occurrence and development of severe pneumonia as an im-mune modulator. This article reviews the role of vitamin D in regulating T lymphocytes in the de-velopment and progression of severe pneumonia in children.