城市生活垃圾治理政策的效果评价与实施建议——基于170项政策文本的内容分析

Effect Evaluation and Implementation Suggestion of Municipal Solid Waste Governance Policies—Based on the Content Analysis of 170 Policy Texts

摘要: 城市生活垃圾的分类和回收事关民生福祉与国家可持续发展，本文基于PMC指数模型展开对城市生活垃圾治理政策实施效果评价的科学检验。通过对国家和地方层面垃圾治理政策的文本分析，遵循“人–法–果”的逻辑，构建城市生活垃圾分类管理政策实施的三维评价框架，围绕政策实施效果从政策力度、政策措施及政策目标三个层面进行了定量评价，并深入剖析了近两年富有代表性的七项政策文件，以及2010~2020年170项垃圾分类政策文件的单维度和交互分析，研究结果表明：以非盈利组织和公民为政策受体所颁布的政策文件数量较少，所占比例分别为15%和8%、命令强制型政策工具的政策执行力度明显增强，在一定程度上提高了垃圾分类率等，希望本文相关研究结论能为进一步凝练和思考垃圾分类政策体系提供一定的决策依据。

Abstract: The Classification and Recycle of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is concerned with well-being of the people and national sustainable development. The scientific examination on the implementation effectiveness of MSW management policy is carried out based on Policy Modeling Con-sistency (PMC) exponential model. Through the text analysis of national and local MSW management policy, following the logic of “Person-Method-Result”, the three-dimensional evaluation flamework aiming at MSW management policy implementation is constructed. The quantitative evaluation of policy implementation effect is presented from the three aspects including policy intensity, policy measure and policy goal. Seven representative policy documents for the past two years are deeply analyzed. Moreover, single dimensionality and interaction analysis of 170 policy documents from 2010-2020 are put forward. The research results indicate that the number of policy documents issued by non-profit organizations and citizens as policy recipients are low, at 15 percent and 8 percent, respectively. Also, policy implementation of command-and-control policy instruments has been significantly strengthened, which has led to a certain increase in the rate of waste separation. It is hoped that this research can supply the certain decision basis for further compacting and reflection of MSW management policy system.