论网络爬虫行为的入罪研究

Research on the Crime of Web Crawler Behavior

摘要: 网络爬虫作为一种抓取数据的自动程序具有极大的技术优势，但是网络爬虫作为一种中立性技术在遭到恶意使用后也具有其危害性。网络爬虫行为从技术角度来说一般分为对计算机系统进行访问、对系统内数据进行爬取、对爬取行为进行存储和利用三个阶段。本文旨在从刑法的视角下对网络爬虫行为进行分析，探析恶意网络爬虫行为入罪的路径，从客观不法与主观恶意两个角度判断其入罪标准。在客观层面，实质判断行为对法益造成的威胁以及侵害是否已经达到可罚的程度；在主观层面，应着重考察行为人是否具有实施犯罪的故意。

Abstract: Web crawler as an automatic program to capture data has great technical advantages, but as a neutral technology, web crawler also has its harm after being maliciously used. From the technical point of view, web crawler behavior is generally divided into three stages: access to the computer system, crawling the data in the system, and storing and utilizing the crawling behavior. This paper aims to analyze web crawler behavior from the perspective of criminal law, explore the path of criminalization of malicious web crawler behavior, and judge its criminalization criteria from the two perspectives of objective lawlessness and subjective malice. At the objective level, the substance of the judgment on the threat to legal interests caused by the act and whether the infringement has reached a punishable level; at the subjective level, the focus should be on whether the perpetrator has the intention to commit the crime.