消极生育动机对青年女性生育意愿的影响：心理资本的中介作用

The Impact of Negative Fertility Motivation on the Fertility Intention of Young Women: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital

摘要: 本研究立足于现在生育率低下的社会现象和青年女性生育意愿较低的现状，根据Miller生育序列模型提出了一个中介模型来探讨青年女性消极生育动机与生育意愿的关系，考察心理资本的分维度自信、希望、韧性和乐观的中介作用。研究采用问卷调查法对426名青年女性进行调查，研究工具包括心理资本量表、消极生育动机量表、生育意愿量表。研究结果表明：1) 青年女性的消极生育动机与生育意愿二者之间呈负相关；青年女性心理资本各维度与生育意愿之间呈正相关；消极生育动机与心理资本各维度之间呈负相关。2) 加入心理资本各维度后，消极生育动机能显著负向预测心理资本中的乐观维度，心理资本中的乐观维度可以显著正向预测生育意愿，消极生育动机仍然能显著负性预测生育意愿，表明心理资本中的乐观维度起部分中介作用。3) 即在消极动机对生育意愿施加负面促进作用的过程中，心理资本中的乐观维度扮演着非常重要的角色。

Abstract: This study is based on the current social phenomenon of low fertility rates and the low fertility will-ingness of young women. Based on the Miller fertility sequence model, a mediation model is pro-posed to explore the relationship between negative fertility motivation and fertility willingness of young women, and to examine the mediating effects of psychological capital’s dimensions of self-confidence, hope, resilience, and optimism. The study used a questionnaire survey method to investigate 426 young women, with research tools including the Psychological Capital Scale, Nega-tive Fertility Motivation Scale, and Fertility Intention Scale. The research results indicate that: 1) there is a negative correlation between negative reproductive motivation and reproductive will-ingness among young women; There is a positive correlation between the various dimensions of psychological capital of young women and their willingness to have children; There is a negative correlation between negative reproductive motivation and various dimensions of psychological capital. 2) After adding various dimensions of psychological capital, negative fertility motivation can significantly negatively predict the optimistic dimension in psychological capital, the optimistic di-mension in psychological capital can significantly positively predict fertility intention, and negative fertility motivation can still significantly negatively predict fertility intention, indicating that the optimistic dimension in psychological capital plays a partial mediating role. 3) In the process of negative motivation exerting a negative promoting effect on fertility intention, the optimistic di-mension in psychological capital plays a very important role.