后疫情时代大学生生活事件在心理资本与社交焦虑间的中介作用

The Mediating Effect of Life Events on Psychological Capital and Social Anxiety of College Students in Post-Epidemic Era

摘要: 目的：考察后疫情时代大学生社交焦虑的现状及生活事件在心理资本和社交焦虑间的中介作用。方法：使用分层抽样的方法随机抽取了4000名在校大学生为研究对象，采用交往焦虑量表(IAS)、生活事件量表(ASLEC)和积极心理资本量表(PPQ)进行问卷调查，使用SPSS26.0及AMOS进行数据分析。分析结果：1) 大学生社交焦虑平均分为37.63 ± 9.33分，低于彭纯子于2004提出的大学生常模(38.78 ± 8.590)，表明近二十年来大学生的社交焦虑水平有所降低；心理资本平均分为120.35 ± 19.30分，低于仲理峰于2007提出的大学生常模(122.46 ± 18.890)，表明大学生的心理资本近年来有所降低；2) 社交焦虑与心理资本呈显著负相关(P < 0.01)，与负性生活事件呈显著正相关(P < 0.01)；心理资本与生活事件呈显著负相关(P < 0.01)，心理资本对生活事件有负向预测作用，社交焦虑对生活事件有正向预测作用；3) AMOS结构方程模型检验发现，生活事件在心理资本和社交焦虑之间起部分中介作用，其中，中介效应为21%，总效应为30%，中介效应占比量为68.4%，采用偏差校正百分位Boot strap (重复抽样5000次)进行中介效应检验，生活事件在心理资本与社交焦虑的中介效应95%区间为[−0.029, −0.012]，置信区间不包括0，说明中介效应显著。结论：生活事件在心理资本和社交焦虑之间起中介作用；提升大学生的心理资本以及降低大学生受到负性生活事件的影响可有效降低大学生的社交焦虑水平。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the status quo of social anxiety in post-pandemic college students and the mediating role of life events between psychological capital and social anxiety. Methods: A stratified sampling method was used to randomly select 4000 college students as the research objects, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the Communication Anxiety Scale (IAS), Life Events Scale (ASLEC) and Positive Psychological Capital Scale (PPQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS26.0 and AMOS. Results: 1) The average score of social anxiety of college students was 37.63 ± 9.33, which was lower than the norm of college students proposed by Peng Chunzi in 2004 (38.78 ± 8.590), in-dicating that the level of social anxiety of college students had decreased in the past two decades; The average score of psychological capital is 120.35 ± 19.30, which is lower than the norm of college students (122.46 ± 18.890) proposed by Zhong Lifeng in 2007, indicating that the psychological capital of college students has decreased in recent years. 2) Social anxiety was negatively correlated with psychological capital (P < 0.01), were significantly positively correlated with negative life events (P < 0.01); Psychological capital was negatively correlated with life events (P < 0.01), psy-chological capital had a negative predictive effect on life events, and social anxiety had a positive predictive effect on life events; 3) AMOS structural equation model found that life events played a partial mediating role in the relationship between psychological capital and social anxiety, in which the mediating effect was 21%, the total effect was 30%, and the proportion of the mediating effect was 68.4%. The deviation-corrected percentile Boot strap (repeated sampling 5000 times) was used to test the mediating effect. The 95% interval of the mediating effect of life events on psycho-logical capital and social anxiety is [−0.029, −0.012], and the confidence interval does not include 0, indicating that the mediating effect is significant. Conclusion: Life events play an intermediary role between psychological capital and social anxiety. Improving the psychological capital of college students and reducing the influence of negative life events can effectively reduce the level of social anxiety of college students.