考虑多配送中心的外卖配送路径优化研究

Optimisation of Takeaway Delivery Routes Considering Multiple Distribution Centres

摘要: 外卖配送作为外卖平台运行中的重要部分，外卖配送的路径规划会直接影响外卖平台的经营效益和品牌影响力。本文以多个配送中心、多个商家和顾客组成的外卖配送系统为研究对象，综合考虑外卖配送运输成本、固定成本、出餐时间成本以及时间窗惩罚成本，加入单位车辆承载量上限和分段软时间窗约束等条件，以成本最小和顾客满意度最大为目标，构建了适合外卖专送模式下多配送中心的外卖配送路径优化的预优化模型和动态调整模型，并设计与之对应的混合遗传蚁群算法和遗传算法分别求解模型。最后通过算例分析和算法对比分析，验证本文构建模型的可行性和算法的有效性，为外卖行业管理决策提供参考。

Abstract: As an important part of takeaway delivery in the operation of takeaway platforms, the path planning of takeaway delivery will directly affect the operational efficiency and brand influence of takeaway platforms. This paper takes the takeaway delivery system composed of multiple distribution centres, multiple merchants and customers as the research object, comprehensively considers the transportation cost, fixed cost, meal delivery time cost and time window penalty cost of takeaway delivery, adds the upper limit of the carrying capacity of the unit vehicle and the soft time window constraints of the segments, and constructs a pre-optimization model and a dynamic adjustment model suitable for the takeaway delivery of multiple distribution centres under the mode of takeaway delivery, with the goal of minimizing the cost and maximizing the satisfaction of customers. A pre-optimisation model and a dynamic adjustment model for route optimisation are constructed, and the corresponding hybrid genetic ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm are designed to solve the model respectively. Finally, the feasibility of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm are verified through case analysis and algorithm comparison analysis, which provide reference for the management decision of takeaway industry.