TRIPS协议第8条的含义及效力

The Meaning and Effectiveness of Article 8 of the TRIPS Agreement

摘要: TRIPS协议第8条规定了公共利益原则以及对知识产权持有人私权的必要限制，属TRIPS协议的目的和宗旨，但学界对该条的含义和效力问题尚存在较大分歧。一些西方学者否定该条的法律效力，认为该条本应置于序言之中，即使置于TRIPS协议正文部分，其效力也与序言一样无法律约束力。发展中成员方依据第8条，对影响协议授予的知识产权的公共政策措施的采取应享有自由裁量权。该条有助于矫正国际知识产权法律制度中的利益失衡，为协议未来例外和限制的发展奠定了基础，是序言相关内容的具体化和条文化，有助于澄清其他条款，具有整合协议条款的重要作用，适用于知识产权所有领域，为协议的实施、解释和发展预留一定的灵活性空间，对第8条的解析有助于明晰协议的内在逻辑。应依据条约解释规则，演进诠释第8条的含义和效力。第7条和第8条构成了实施和解释协议的一个中心，具有法律约束力。

Abstract: TRIPS Article 8 stipulates the principle of public interest and necessary limitations on the private rights of intellectual property holders, which belongs to the purpose and objective of the TRIPS. However, there is still significant academic controversy over the meaning and legal effect of this article. Some Western scholars negate its legal effect, believing that it should have been placed in the preamble, and even if it is placed in the main body of the TRIPS, its legal binding force is the same as the preamble. Developing member parties should have discretionary power to adopt public policy measures that affect the intellectual property rights granted under the agreement in accordance with Article 8.This article helps to correct imbalances in the international intellectual property legal system and lay the foundation for the development of exceptions and restrictions in the future, as well as specifying and legally regulating relevant content in the preamble. It clarifies other provisions, plays an important role in integrating the terms of the agreement, applies to all fields of intellectual property, and leaves some flexibility for the implementation, interpretation, and development of the agreement. The interpretation of Article 8 helps clarify the internal logic of the agreement. The meaning and legal effect of Article 8 should be interpreted in accordance with treaty interpretation rules. Article 7 and Article 8 together form a center for implementing and interpreting the agreement, which has legal binding force.