国际环境领域的软法治理

Soft Law in the Field of International Environment

摘要: 良好的自然环境是人类生存的条件，环境领域的治理离不开国际合作，在法律领域如何加强国际环境治理是人类面临的必修课题。在国际环境领域中，软法是一种重要的造法机制，软法治理已经在国际环境领域得以实施。从环境领域开始进行国际合作时，国际环境软法就以国际组织决议、宣言、行动计划等形式存在。在国际环境条约、协定等硬法中，也存在软法性因素。国际社会的治理环境和硬法本身存在的局限性使得软法治理适应治理现状，软法的示范作用和补充作用也体现此种治理方式的优越性。在当前国际环境领域出现诸多软法治理现象的情况下，我国也应当积极应对，以在国际合作中促进环境保护，谋求人类共同生存。我国首先应当明确国际环境软法的实施方式，其次也要协调国际环境软法和硬法的关系，发挥硬法和软法的作用。

Abstract: Favourable natural environment is the condition of human existence, and the governance of the environmental field cannot be discussed separated from international cooperation. How to strengthen international environmental governance in the legal field is a compulsory subject faced by mankind. In the field of international environment, soft law is an important law-making mechanism, and soft law governance has been implemented in the field of international environment. Since the beginning of international cooperation in the field of environment, international environmental soft law has existed in the form of resolutions, declarations and action plans of international organizations. In international environmental treaties, agreements and other hard law, there are also soft law factors. The governance environment of the international community and the limitations of hard law make soft law governance adapt to the current situation of governance, and the exemplary and complementary role of soft law also reflects the superiority of this governance mode. In the current international environmental field, there are many soft law governance phenomena. China should also actively respond to this situation, in order to promote environmental protection in international cooperation, and seek the common survival of mankind. China should firstly clarify the implementation mode of international environmental soft law, and then coordinate the relationship between international environmental soft law and hard law, and give play to the role of hard law and hard law.