我国国际船舶登记制度背景下的我国船员权益保护问题

On the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Chinese Crew Members under the Background of China’s International Ship Registration System

摘要: 经济全球化的发展使得商人为了追逐更大的利益而产生了庞大的方便旗队伍，我国为了吸引于海外注册的船只回国登记，在上海等地区域性实行国际船舶登记制度从而支持我国航运业的发展。而航运业的发展离不开船员的辛勤劳动，但在方便旗制度中，船员的各项权利及基本生活等难以得到保障，而我国实行国际船舶登记制度之后可以在一些方面对在外注册登记船舶的船员权益保护进行一些补足。本文在概述当前学者们对国际船舶登记制度以及船员权益保护的相关概念研究的基础上，研究在当前方便旗制度下船员权益保护存在的困境，例如对获得工资的权益、休息休假权益以及遣返回国的权益等侵犯，从而引出针对这些权益，我国实行船舶登记制度后可以对这些权益的保护进行的补足，包括第一对于《2006年国际海事劳工公约》的遵守，第二对中国法的适用，第三减少船员维权成本，第四确保本国船员的高质量就业。

Abstract: The development of economic globalization has led to the emergence of a large fleet of convenience flags by merchants in pursuit of greater interests. In order to attract overseas registered ships to return to China for registration, China has implemented an international ship registration system in regions such as Shanghai to support the development of China’s shipping industry. The development of the shipping industry cannot be separated from the hard work of crew members. However, in the flag of convenience system, the rights and basic living of crew members are difficult to protect. After implementing the international ship registration system in China, some aspects can be supplemented to protect the rights and interests of crew members registered outside the country. Based on an overview of current scholars’ research on the international ship registration system and the protection of crew rights and interests, this article explores the difficulties in protecting crew rights and interests under the current flag of convenience system, such as the infringement of the rights to wages, rest and vacation, and repatriation to the country. This leads to the need for China to supplement the protection of these rights and interests after implementing the ship registration system, including compliance with the 2006 International Maritime Labour Convention, application of Chinese law, reduction of crew rights protection costs, and ensuring high-quality employment of domestic crew.