汉语“数–形–时量(名)”结构中形–时量的语义选择

Semantic Selection of Adjective-Time Quantifier in Chinese “Number-Adjective-Time Quantifier (-Noun)” Structure

摘要: 现代汉语数量词中间可插入形容词，构成“数–形–量”结构。对于动词之后出现的“数–形–时量(–名)”结构，至今还未有人专门研究。通过考察，我们发现形容词“大、小、整”与时量词组配能力的强弱排序依次为：整 > 小 > 大。在“数–形–量(–名)”结构中，受形容词“整”修饰的只能是定量时间词；“大/小”与约量时间词的组配能力强于定量时间词。不同类型的时量词与形容词“大、小、整”组配能力的强弱有显著差异，反映出时量词在该结构中的语义选择规律。从整体来看，“数–形–时量(–名)”结构中形–量组配、数–量和形容词的组配遵循“语义一致性原则”。

Abstract: In modern Chinese quantifiers, adjectives can be inserted to form the structure of “Num-bers-Adjective-Quantity”. The “Number-Adjective-time-Quantity (-Noun)” structure after the verb has not been studied. Through investigation, we find that the adjective “Da, Xiao, Zheng” and the strength of the time quantifier combination ability are in order: Zheng > Xiao > Da. In the structure of “Number-Adjective-time Quantifier (-Noun)”, only quantitative time words can be modified by “Zheng”. The combination ability of “Da/Xiao” and approximate time words is stronger than that of quantitative time words. On the whole, the Adjective-quantity pairing, number-quantity pairing and adjective pairing in the structure of “Number-Adjective-time Quantifier (-Noun)” follow the “semantic consistency principle”.