身体成分改变与2型糖尿病进展的相关性研究进展

Research Progress on Correlation between Body Composition Changes and Disease Pro-gression of Type 2 Diabetes

摘要: 随着现代生活饮食方式，人口结构等因素的影响，以糖尿病为首的慢性疾病患病率逐年上升，严重影响生活质量，为医疗卫生系统带来重大负担。糖尿病人群中，2型糖尿病人群占主要比例。已有大量研究证明：糖尿病与肥胖的关系密不可分，糖尿病与肥胖互为影响，糖尿病作为肥胖的代谢并发症之一，肥胖会导致胰岛素抵抗，进而进展为糖尿病。既往研究中，大多使用体质指数(BMI)定义肥胖，近年来多项研究发现，2型糖尿病患者的身体成分变化与糖尿病进展有重要关系，其中人体脂肪含量与骨骼肌含量的占比影响尤为显著，然而BMI无法明确区分人体成分中肌肉占比与脂肪占比，也无法区分体内脂肪在全身各脏器的分布。使用BMI定义肥胖得出的结果偏低，对于评估糖尿病患者的疾病进展有相对局限性。测量2型糖尿病患者的各项人体占比，对于进一步评估疾病分期，延缓疾病进展以及制定个体化治疗方案提供新思路，本文就国内外身体成分改变与2型糖尿病进展相关文献研究作一综述。

Abstract: With the influence of modern lifestyle, diet, population structure and other factors, the incidence of chronic diseases led by diabetes is increasing year by year, which seriously affects the quality of life and brings a major burden to the medical and health system. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the ma-jority of the diabetes population. A large number of studies have proved that the relationship be-tween diabetes and obesity is inseparable, and diabetes and obesity influence each other. As one of the metabolic complications of obesity, diabetes will lead to insulin resistance, and then progress to diabetes. Most of the previous studies used body mass index (BMI) to define obesity. In recent years, a number of studies have found that the change of body composition in type 2 diabetes patients has an important relationship with the progression of diabetes, in which the proportion of body fat con-tent and skeletal muscle content has a particularly significant impact. However, BMI cannot clearly distinguish the proportion of muscle and fat in body composition. It is also unable to distinguish the distribution of body fat in various organs throughout the body. Using BMI to define obesity yields low results and is relatively limited for assessing disease progression in patients with diabetes. The measurement of various body proportions in patients with type 2 diabetes provides new ideas for further assessing disease stages, delaying disease progression, and developing individualized treatment plans. This article reviews the literature on the relationship between changes in body composition and progression of type 2 diabetes at home and abroad.