服刑人员通信权限制的规范理论与路径选择

Normative Theory and Path Selection of Prisoners’ Communication Right Control

摘要: 根据《中华人民共和国宪法》第40条，通信权限制体现为三个元素，分别为必要性规则、主体性规则和程序性规则。通信权限制的必要性规则体现为为了国家安全和刑事侦查犯罪的需要，满足其一即可符合必要性规则的检视，达到扩大解释与依宪立法的辩证统一。通信权限制的主体性规则体现为对限制通信权主体的直接控制，通过依宪解释，监狱作为限制通信权的主体具备合理性。通信权限制的程序性规则体现为法律在运用限制通信权过程中对检查权的行使，且这种行使应当有规范依据，宪法委托与法律保留包含于宪法通信权规范之中。监狱法承诺并执行宪法通信权规范，以限制服刑人员通信权为一般原则尚未完全承接宪法关于通信权限制的一般精神，作为特殊群体的服刑人员通信权保护是基本权利体系建设需解决的重要问题。

Abstract: According to the Article 40 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, there are three elements of controlling prisoners’ right of correspondence, the rule of necessity, the rule of subjects and the rule of procedures, respectively. The goals of the first rule is to protect national security and investigate criminal offences, satisfying one or the other, which balances the relationship of dialectical unity between extensive interpretation and constitutional legislation. The second rule manifests the direct control of prisoners’ right of correspondence by limiting subjects, jails acquire reasonability in controlling prisoners’ right of correspondence through constitutional interpretation. The last rule is to regulate the limited procedures of controlling prisoners’ right of correspondence by law, containing constitutional delegation and law reservation. Prison Law admits and carries out Constitutional Law. The principles of controlling prisoners’ right of correspondence had not yet fully undertaken the constitutional spirit. As specials groups, the protection of prisoners’ right of correspondence which is included in the system of basic rights is the important problem to deal with.