支气管肺发育不良相关的免疫因素研究概况

Overview of Research on Immune Factors Associated with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

摘要: 近年来，由于早产儿支持和管理技术的进步，早产儿存活率日渐上升，支气管肺发育不良(Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD)的发病率也在不断升高。此疾病是长期氧依赖的慢性疾病，部分患儿的肺功能损伤可持续至成年，这给社会及家庭带来了沉重的经济医疗负担。而BPD的发病机制复杂，至今仍未完全清楚，随着研究的深入，免疫机制在其中的重要作用被逐渐挖掘，且BPD早期的免疫失调导致后期反复呼吸道感染，严重影响患儿生活质量。然而目前关于BPD相关炎症机制及高氧损伤研究逐渐深入，但关于免疫在BPD中作用的相关研究尚处于起步阶段，本文就免疫因素在支气管肺发育不良发生发展中的相关研究作简要概述，为进一步寻找防治BPD的免疫靶点提供依据。

Abstract: In recent years, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been increasing due to advances in preterm infant support and management techniques and the increasing survival rate of preterm infants. BPD is a chronic disease with long-term oxygen dependence, and the impairment of lung function in some children may last until adulthood, which brings a heavy economic and medical burden to society and families. The pathogenesis of BPD is complex and still not fully understood. With the deepening of research, the important role of immune mech-anism has been gradually explored, and the immune dysregulation in the early stage of BPD leads to recurrent respiratory infections in the later stage, which seriously affects the quality of life of the children. However, while research on the inflammatory mechanism and hyperoxia injury associated with BPD is gradually deepening, research on the role of immunity in BPD is still in its infancy. This article provides a brief overview of the research on the role of immunity in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which will provide a basis for further searching for immune targets to prevent and treat BPD.