铁尾矿制取α-Fe₂O₃负极材料及其电化学性能研究

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of α-Fe₂O₃ from Iron Tailings as Negative Electrode Materials

摘要: 铁尾矿大量堆积造成资源浪费、土地占用、环境污染等问题，寻找高效、高附加值的铁尾矿综合利用手段，已成为我国解决铁尾矿堆积问题的重要目标。本文以辽宁地区铁尾矿为原料，采用酸浸法和可控沉降工艺从尾矿中提取Fe源，通过调整溶剂中乙醇添加量，控制草酸亚铁前驱体的形貌，进而通过煅烧获得不同形貌的α-Fe₂O₃，并作为锂离子电池负极材料。研究结果表明，当乙醇含量≤60%时，α-Fe₂O₃具有多孔结构，无乙醇合成的α-Fe₂O₃负极具有较高放电比容量(1121 mAh•g⁻¹)和较好的循环性能(100 mA•g⁻¹下50次循环，518 mAh•g⁻¹)。本文为铁尾矿资源的综合利用提供参考。

Abstract: The massive accumulation of iron tailings causes problems such as resource waste, land occupation, and environmental pollution. Finding efficient and high-value comprehensive utilization methods for iron tailings has become an important goal in solving the problem of iron tailings accumulation in China. This article uses iron tailings from the Liaoning region as raw materials, and extracts Fe source from tailings using an acid leaching method and controllable sedimentation process. By adjusting the amount of ethanol added in the solvent, the morphology of ferrous oxalate precursor is controlled, and different morphologies are obtained through calcination α-Fe₂O₃ is used as the negative electrode material for lithiumion batteries. The research results indicate that when the ethanol content is ≤60%, α-Fe₂O₃ has a porous structure, and the α-Fe₂O₃ negative electrode synthesized without ethanol has a high discharge specific capacity (1121 mAh•g⁻¹) and good cycling performance (50 cycles at 100 mA•g⁻¹, 518 mAh•g⁻¹). This article provides reference for the comprehensive utilization of iron tailings resources.