社区老年人群睡眠质量状况调查及影响因素分析：以重庆市长寿区为例

Investigation of Sleep Quality Status and Analysis of Influencing Factors among Elderly People in the Community: Taking Changshou District, Chongqing as an Example

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在探讨重庆市长寿区社区老年人睡眠障碍的流行现状，并分析其相关影响因素，以便针对老年人睡眠障碍的有效预防和干预提供参考依据。方法：本研究于2023年3月至2023年4月期间对重庆市长寿区社区年龄60周岁及以上老年人进行了分层多阶段随机抽样，共583名老年人参与调查。采用自制一般情况调查问卷、PSQI、PH-9、GAD-7来了解老年人的人口学特征、躯体疾病、生活方式以及评估焦虑、抑郁、睡眠质量等。采用单因素分析和多因素分析的方法对影响老年人睡眠质量及影响因素进行分析。结果：583名社区老年人群中有睡眠障碍117人，睡眠障碍发病率20.2%。将有睡眠障碍组和无睡眠障碍组两组比较，两者在吸烟(χ² = 28.000, P = 0.000)、合并慢性疾病(χ² = 26.384, P = 0.000)及PH-9分(t = −10.518, P = 0.00)、GAD-7分(t = −11.626, P = 0.00)上比较具有统计学意义，在性别(χ² = 2.756, P = 0.097)、年龄(χ² = 0.728, P = 0.695)、饮酒(χ² = 1.728, P = 0.695)上比较均无统计学意义。将有统计学意义的单因素进行二元Logistic回归分析，PH-9 (OR = 1.144, P = 0.001)、GAD-7 (OR = 1.403, P = 0.000)、合并慢性疾病是(OR = 0.009, P = 0.027)社区老年人群出现睡眠障碍的危险因素。结论：社区老年人群睡眠障碍的发病率较高，焦虑症状、抑郁症状及合并慢性疾病为老年人群出现睡眠障碍的独立危险因素。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to investigate the current prevalence of sleep disorders among community-dwelling elderly people in Changshou District, Chongqing, and analyze the related influencing factors, in order to provide reference for effective prevention and intervention of sleep disorders in the elderly. Methods: From March 2023 to April 2023, a stratified multi-stage random sampling was conducted among community-dwelling elderly people aged 60 and over in Changshou District, Chongqing, and a total of 583 elderly people participated in the survey. A self-designed general questionnaire, PSQI, PH-9, and GAD-7 were used to understand the demographic characteristics, physical diseases, lifestyles, and assess anxiety, depression, and sleep quality of the elderly. Single-factor analysis and multiple-factor analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of sleep quality and influencing factors among the elderly. Results: Among the 583 community-dwelling elderly people, 117 had sleep disorders, with a prevalence rate of 20.2%. When comparing the group with sleep disorders and the group without sleep disorders, significant differences were found in smoking (χ² = 28.000, P = 0.000), comorbid chronic diseases (χ² = 26.384, P = 0.000), PH-9 score (t = −10.518, P = 0.00), and GAD-7 score (t = −11.626, P = 0.00). No significant differences were found in gender (χ² = 2.756, P = 0.097), age (χ² = 0.728, P = 0.695), or alcohol consumption (χ² = 1.728, P = 0.695). Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted on factors with statistical significance. PH-9 (OR = 1.144, P = 0.001), GAD-7 (OR = 1.403, P = 0.000), and comorbid chronic diseases (OR = 0.009, P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for sleep disorders among community-dwelling elderly people. Conclusion: The incidence of sleep disorders among community-dwelling elderly people is relatively high. Anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and comorbid chronic diseases are independent risk factors for sleep disorders among the elderly population.