沃尔泰拉食饵–捕食者模型的历史研究综述

A Review of Historical Research on Volterra’s Predator-Prey Model

摘要: 1926年，著名数学家沃尔泰拉基于鱼类种群数量变化提出了著名的食饵–捕食者模型，如今它已作为经典非线性系统应用于众多领域。随着生物数学的迅速发展，沃尔泰拉提出此模型的历史受到了广泛关注。通过文献研读和主题研究，发现当前研究主要集中于：模型由渔业建立的历史、沃尔泰拉基于鱼类种群数量提出模型的思路、与卡罗特提出模型思路的对比和从动物研究拓展的历史研究四个方面。虽已较为全面，但存在史实不够准确、思想史研究不够充分与辉格史观过强等问题。未来相关研究应在加强史实考据和丰富史学观念的基础上，进一步聚焦沃尔泰拉科学思想史和动物研究史等议题。

Abstract: In 1926, renowned mathematician Volterra proposed the famous predator-prey model based on changes in fish populations. Today, it has been applied as a classical nonlinear system in many fields. With the rapid development of biological mathematics, the history of Volterra’s proposal of this model has received widespread attention. Through literature review and thematic research, it is found that current research mainly focuses on the history of models established by fisheries; Volterra proposed a model based on the number of fish populations; The comparison with Karot’s proposed model approach and the expansion of historical research from animal studies are four aspects. Although it is relatively comprehensive, there are problems such as inaccurate historical facts, insufficient research on intellectual history, and a strong view of Whig’s history. On the basis of strengthening historical evidence and enriching historical concepts, future related research should further focus on the history of Volterra’s scientific thinking and animal research history.