凉山州彝族女性乳腺癌发病相关危险因素分析

Analysis of Risk Factors of Breast Cancer among Yi Women in Liangshan Prefecture

摘要: 目的：探讨凉山州彝族女性乳腺癌发病的影响因素，为凉山州彝族女性乳腺癌的预防提供科学依据。方法：选取2020年01月至2022年10月我科收治的112例乳腺癌患者为观察组，同期体检中心体检的健康彝族女性为对照组，按照1:1的配比。调查两组的一般情况、个人史、月经史、生育史、家族史、生活饮食习惯等，分析影响彝族女性乳腺癌的发病因素。结果：凉山州地区影响彝族女性乳腺癌发病的因素有初潮年龄晚(OR = 0.728, 95% CI: 0.586~0.904)，生育次数多(OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.1259~2.631)，有良性乳腺病史(OR = 2.073, 95% CI: 1.007~4.267)，多吃新鲜蔬菜(OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.160~0.952)，经常吃水果(OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.183~0.788)，经常吃烟熏腌制食品(OR = 3.033, 95% CI: 1.364~6.743)，吸烟或二手烟影响(OR = 2.012, 95% CI: 1.008~4.018)，经常饮酒(OR = 1.974, 95% CI: 1.016~3.836)。结论：生产次数多、有乳腺良性病史、吸烟或二手烟、饮酒是凉山州彝族女性乳腺癌的危险因素；初潮年龄晚、少吃烟熏腌制食品、经常吃新鲜蔬菜和水果是乳腺癌发病的保护因素。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the influencing factors of the incidence of breast cancer among Yi women in Liangshan prefecture, so as to provide scientific basis to prevent Yi women from breast cancer in Liangshan Prefecture. Methods: A total of 112 patients with breast cancer who were treated in our department were enrolled as observation group from January 2020 to October 2022. At the same time, the other 112 Yi women who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group, so the ratio was 1:1. The general situation, personal history, menstrual history, fertility history, family history, living and eating habits were observed and compared between the two groups. The risk factors of breast cancer were analyzed in Yi women. Results: The influencing factors on the pathogenesis of breast cancer were age of menarche (OR = 0.728, 95% CI: 0.586~0.904), high fertility frequency (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.1259~2.631), having a history of benign breast disease (OR = 2.073, 95% CI: 1.007~4.267), eating plenty of fresh vegetables (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.160~0.952), eating plenty of fruit (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.183~0.788), often eating smoked and pickled food (OR = 3.033, 95% CI: 1.364~6.743), smoking or second-hand smoke (OR = 2.012, 95% CI: 1.008~4.018), drink (OR = 1.974, 95% CI: 1.016~3.836). Conclusions: The risk factors of breast cancer for Yi women are high fertility frequency, having a history of benign breast disease, often eating smoked and pickled food, smoking or second-hand smoke, drinking in Liangshan Prefecture; Late menarche, less smoked and pickled food and frequent consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits are protective factors of breast cancer.