黑土区冬季农田及其周边荒草地土壤水分空间分布特征

Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture in Farmland and Its Surrounding Wasteland in Black Soil Area in winter

摘要: 近些年，由于东北作为国内粮仓，黑土被开发之后，黑土的土壤理化性质发生了变化，有部分土壤向着不断培肥熟化的方向发展。土壤的有机物质发生改变。抗御旱涝能功下降。水分作为土壤最重要理化性质之一，研究其空间分布可以有利于观察、记录、研究黑土区农业耕地和荒草地的变化情况，为保护黑土及时做出相对应的措施以及方案。本文通过对农田和荒草地的水分分布来进一步的研究，更加详细地了解黑土区表层及深度与水分空间分布的特征。之后出野外进行实地调查实验，在对实验数据处理分析。可以看出目前黑土区的水土流失逐渐严重，荒草地与农田相比，变化不大，而农田在过度开垦和过度施肥的情况下，土壤肥力大大不如以前。希望在未来，我们可以通过更合理科学的方式管理黑土区的水土流失等土壤问题。

Abstract: In recent years, as Northeast China is the domestic granary, the physical and chemical properties of black soil have changed after the black soil was developed, and part of the soil has been developed in the direction of continuous fertilizing and ripening. The organic matter of the soil changes. The resistance to drought and flood is reduced. Water is one of the most important physical and chemical properties of soil, and the study of its spatial distribution can help to observe, record and study the changes of agricultural arable land and wasteland in black soil area, and make corresponding measures and schemes for the protection of black soil in time. In this paper, the water distribution of farmland and wasteland was further studied to understand the characteristics of surface and depth and water spatial distribution in the black soil area in more detail. After that, I went out to the field for field investigation and experiment, and processed and analyzed the experimental data. It can be seen that the soil and water loss in the black soil area is gradually serious at present. Compared with the farmland, there is little change in the wasteland. However, the soil fertility of the farmland is much worse than before under the condition of over-reclamation and over-fertilization. It is hoped that in the future, we can manage soil erosion and other soil problems in black soil areas in a more reasonable and scientific way.