临床角膜生物力学测量方法的研究进展

Research Progress on Clinical Measurements of Corneal Biomechanics

摘要: 角膜为黏弹性生物组织，具有非线性、各向异性和粘弹性等复杂的生物力学性能，并受到角膜厚度、眼压、角膜曲率、角膜水合状态等多种因素影响。随着基础和临床研究的不断深入，角膜生物力学的活体测量在眼部疾病的诊疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用，如屈光手术术前评估、扩张性角膜病的诊断、随访及治疗效果的评估，青光眼的随访等。随着临床需求的不断扩大，活体角膜生物力学测量技术在近十几年取得显著的发展，技术的进步产生更多的方法和参数来表征角膜的生物力学特性。本文将对目前临床角膜生物力学测量方法最新进展进行综述，以期帮助实现角膜生物力学的更多临床应用，有助于个性化的诊疗和临床决策。

Abstract: The cornea is a viscoelastic biological tissue with nonlinear, anisotropic, and viscoelastic complex biomechanical properties. It is influenced by factors including corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, corneal curvature, and corneal hydration state. With the deepening understanding of basic and clinical research, in vivo measurements of corneal biomechanics are playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases. Such measurements are useful in surgical planning for refractive procedures, diagnosis and monitoring of keratoconus evaluation of treatment efficacy, and follow-up of glaucoma cases, among other applications. Driven by growing clinical demand, significant progress has been made in the development of devices and technologies for in vivo assessment of corneal biomechanics over the past decade. These technological advancements have enabled more methods and parameters to characterize corneal biomechanical properties. This review summarizes the latest advances in clinical measurement methods of corneal biomechanics to facilitate wider clinical applications and provide guidance for personalized diagnostics, treatment, and clinical decision-making.