父母教养方式对大学生共情能力的影响——以云南省昆明市高校为例

The Effect of Parenting Styles on College Students’ Empathic Abilities—Taking the Universities and Colleges in Kunming, Yunnan Province as an Example

摘要: 目的：测查父母教养方式对大学生共情能力的影响，为针对性实施大学生共情能力培养、促进大学生心理健康和构建良好家庭环境提供依据。方法：运用中文版人际反应指标量表、简式父母教养方式问卷中文版测量云南省昆明市1033名高校大学生的共情能力水平和父母教养方式。结果：1) 云南省昆明市大学生共情能力处于中低水平；2) 父母教养方式以温暖型为主；3) 父亲温暖教养方式、父亲过度保护教养方式、母亲温暖教养方式、母亲过度保护教养方式与共情能力均呈显著的正相关，母亲拒绝的教养方式则与共情能力呈显著的负相关。结论：父母教养方式对大学生共情能力的有一定的影响，可以通过建立温暖的家庭氛围、鼓励情感表达和分享、提供适度的保护与引导三个方面改善父母教养方式，进而促进共情能力的发展。

Abstract: Purpose: To measure the influence of parenting styles on college students’ empathy, and to provide a basis for the targeted implementation of the cultivation of cultivating college students’ empathy, promoting college students’ mental health, and building a great family environment. Method: The Chinese version of the Inter-Personal Reactivity Index-C (IPR-C) and the Short-Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (s-EMBU-C) were used to measure the level of empathy and parenting styles of 1033 college students in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Result: 1) Empathy among college students in Kunming, Yunnan Province, is at a low to medium level; 2) Parenting style dominated by warmth; 3) The father’s warm parenting style, the father’s overprotective parenting style, the mother’s warm parenting style and the mother’s overprotective parenting style were all significantly and positively correlated with empathic ability. On the other hand, mothers’ rejecting parenting styles were significantly and negatively correlated with empathy. Conclusion: Parenting styles have a certain influence on college students’ empathy, which can be improved by creating a warm family atmosphere, encouraging emotional expression and sharing, and providing moderate protection and guidance, thus promoting the development of empathy.