大学生抑郁、焦虑与自我概念的关系

The Relationship among Depression, Anxiety and Self-Concept in College Students

摘要: 目的：探讨大学生抑郁、焦虑与自我概念的关系。方法：选取2200名大学生，采用贝克抑郁自评量表(BDI)、特质焦虑问卷(T-AI)、田纳西自我概念问卷(TSCS)分别测量其抑郁、焦虑及自我概念现状。结果：女大学生TSCS总分及道德伦理自我、家庭自我、自我认同、自我行动上的得分都显著高于男大学生(P < 0.01)，自我批评显著低于男大学生(P < 0.05)；非独生子女大学生的BDI和T-AI得分显著高于独生子女(P < 0.05)，自我认同得分显著低于独生子女(P < 0.05)；城市大学生社会自我得分显著高于农村大学生(P < 0.05)。对照组TSCS总分最高，之后依次为抑郁组、焦虑组和抑郁焦虑组(P < 0.001)；对照组自我批评得分显著低于其他三组(P < 0.001)。大学生BDI和T-AI得分呈正相关(r = 0.58, P < 0.01)；BDI和T-AI得分与TSCS总分及各正向因子呈负相关(r = −0.39~−0.52, P < 0.01; r = −0.52~−0.70, P < 0.01)，与负向因子自我批评呈正相关(r = 0.24, P < 0.01; r = 0.31, P < 0.01)。大学生的心理自我和生理自我都对BDI和T-AI得分有负向预测作用，其解释量分别为31.1%和53.7%；自我批评有正向预测作用，其解释量为0.5%和0.7%。结论：大学生抑郁和焦虑受其自我概念及正向因子的负面影响，受其负向因子自我批评的正向影响。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship among depression, anxiety and self-concept in college students. Methods: 2200 college students were selected. Beck Depression Rating Scale (BDI), Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-AI) and Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) were adopted to measure the college students’ depression, anxiety and self-concept, respectively. Results: The total score of TSCS and scores of moral self-concept, family self-concept, self-identification and self-action of female college students were significantly higher than those of male college students (P < 0.01), and self-criticism was significantly lower than that of male college students (P < 0.05). The BDI and T-AI scores of non-only child college students were significantly higher than those of only child (P < 0.05), and the self-identification scores were significantly lower than those of only child (P < 0.05). The social self-concept scores of urban college students were significantly higher than those of rural college students (P < 0.05). The total score of TSCS in control group was the highest, followed by depression group, anxiety group, depression and anxiety group (P < 0.001). The self-criticism scores of the control group were significantly lower than those of the other three groups (P < 0.001). BDI and T-AI scores of college students were positively correlated (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). The scores of BDI and T-AI were negatively correlated with the total score of TSCS and positive factors (r = −0.39~−0.52, P < 0.01; r = −0.52~−0.70, P < 0.01), was positively correlated with negative factor self-criticism (r = 0.24, P < 0.01; r = 0.31, P < 0.01). Both physiological and psychological self-concept of college students negatively predicted BDI and T-AI scores, and their explanatory quantities were 31.1% and 53.7%, respectively. Self-criticism has a positive predictive effect, and its explanatory volume is 0.5% and 0.7%. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety of college students are negatively affected by their self-concept and its positive factors, and positively affected by its negative factors self-criticism.