群落多样性对群落可入侵性影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Community Diversity on Community Invasibility

摘要: 外来入侵植物(alien invasive plants, AIP)的成功入侵可能改变群落结构和群落可入侵性，并破坏本地植物群落生物多样性及其生态系统。群落多样性常用指标涵盖了物种多样性、功能多样性和谱系多样性等方面，而这些多样性指标与群落可入侵性存在复杂的相关性。群落可入侵性是评价群落对抗外来入侵物种能力的重要指标之一，其与群落多样性密切相关。如何准确理解群落多样性的变化对群落可入侵性的影响，是入侵生态学领域一个研究和争论的焦点问题。对现有的群落可入侵性相关性研究进行梳理，发现群落多样性对群落可入侵性的作用因生境和研究尺度的不同而异。过去的研究往往集中于单一多样性维度对群落可入侵性的作用，同时对不同群落可入侵评估方法的比较研究较少，且缺乏一个通用的群落可入侵性量化的指标。未来的研究需要更加深入地探讨多种多样性指数与群落可入侵性之间的相互作用，为理解外来入侵植物入侵机制提供科学基础。在构建生态管理和生物多样性保护策略框架时，群落多样性的考量至关重要。这不仅有助于加深对入侵生态学的认识，而且还能指引研究者实施更加有效的预防、监测和干预手段，从而在全球变化的背景下，保护和恢复生态系统的健康和完整性。

Abstract: The successful invasion of alien invasive plants (AIP) may change the community structure and community invasibility, and destroy the biodiversity and ecosystem of the local plant community. The common indicators of community diversity cover species diversity, functional diversity and pedigree diversity, and there is a complex correlation between these diversity indicators and community invasibility. Community invasibility is one of the important indexes to evaluate the ability of community to resist alien invasive species, and it is closely related to community diversity. How to accurately understand the impact of community diversity on community invasibility is a focus of research and debate in the field of invasion ecology. By combing the existing studies on the correlation of community invasibility, it is found that the effect of community diversity on community invasibility varies with habitat and research scale. Previous studies have often focused on the effect of a single diversity dimension on community invasibility, while there are few comparative studies on invasion assessment methods of different communities, and lack of a general quantitative index of community invasibility. Future research needs to explore the interaction between multiple diversity indexes and community invasibility more deeply, so as to provide a scientific basis for understanding the invasion mechanism of alien invasive plants. When constructing the strategic framework of ecological management and biodiversity conservation, the consideration of community diversity is very important. This not only helps to deepen the understanding of invasive ecology, but also guides researchers to implement more effective prevention, monitoring and intervention measures, so as to protect and restore the health and integrity of ecosystems in the context of global change.