早期听觉刺激对早产儿经口喂养的效果研究

A Study on the Effect of Early Auditory Stimulation on Oral Feeding of Premature Infants

摘要: 目的：分析三种早期听觉刺激对早产儿经口喂养的效果，为早产儿早期听觉刺激在临床上的推广利用提供理论依据。方法：将符合纳入标准的157例早产儿按随机化数字表分组法分为对照组和3组干预组，对照组(n = 40)，采用口腔运动干预方案；干预组在对照组的基础上分别采用轻音乐(n = 40)、白噪声(n = 38)、母亲声音(n = 39)三种早期听觉刺激干预。观察比较四组早产儿喂养进程、喂养表现、喂养耐受情况。结果：干预组从开始经口喂养到完全经口喂养的过渡时间均短于对照组(P < 0.05)，其中，白噪声组及母亲声音组过渡时间短于轻音乐组(P < 0.05)；干预组喂养不耐受发生率均低于对照组(P < 0.05)，但三组干预组之间比较无统计学意义(P > 0.05)；在经口喂养成效方面，干预组与对照组比较无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，而在喂养效率方面，干预组在完全经口喂养时各组的喂养效率均高于对照组(P < 0.05)，母亲声音组喂养效率高于白噪声组和轻音乐组(P < 0.05)。结论：轻音乐、白噪声、母亲声音能缩短早产儿从开始经口喂养到完全经口喂养的过渡时间，且白噪声及母亲声音效果优于轻音乐；轻音乐、白噪声、母亲声音都能降低早产儿喂养不耐受发生率，但三者之间比较无差异；轻音乐、白噪声、母亲声音不能提升患儿的喂养成效，但可以提升喂养效率，且母亲声音刺激提升喂养效率的效果最显著。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the effects of three kinds of early auditory stimulation on oral feeding of premature infants, and to provide theoretical basis for clinical application of early auditory stimulation in premature infants. Methods: Totally 157 premature infants were recruited and randomly divided into control group and three intervention groups. The infants in the control group received oral movement intervention (n = 40), while the infants in the intervention group received three kinds of early auditory stimulation including light music (n = 40), white noise (n = 38) and maternal sound (n = 39) in addition to the oral movement intervention. We observed and compared the feeding process, feeding performance and feeding tolerance of premature infants. Results: The transition time from beginning to complete oral feeding of intervention groups was shorter than that of control group (P < 0.05); The transition time of white noise and maternal sound was shorter than that of light music group (P < 0.05). The incidence of feeding intolerance of intervention group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), however there was no significant difference among the three intervention groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of oral feeding between the intervention groups and the control group (P < 0.05). However, the feeding efficiency of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), the feeding efficiency of maternal sound group was higher than that of white noise group and light music group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Light music, white noise and maternal sound can shorten the transition time from the beginning of oral feeding to complete oral feeding, and the effect of white noise and maternal sound is better than that of light music. Light music, white noise and maternal sound can reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance of premature infants, but there is no difference among the three. Light music, white noise and maternal sound could not improve the feeding efficiency of premature infants, but could improve the feeding efficiency, and maternal sound stimulation had the most significant effect on improving feeding efficiency.