美国成年人膳食中铜摄入与抑郁症之间的相关性研究

Association between Dietary Copper Intake and Depressive Symptoms in American Adults

摘要: 目的：探讨美国成年人人口特征和铜摄入量与抑郁症之间的关系，为防治抑郁提供膳食指导。方法：以2015~2018年美国国家健康和营养调查(NHANES)的18周岁及以上成年人为研究对象，采用两次24 h膳食回顾问卷调查获得铜摄入量信息；使用病人健康问卷(PHQ-9)进行抑郁症的评估；采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS)检验分析抑郁症患者和正常人铜摄入量的差异，logistic回归模型分析铜摄入量与抑郁症发病风险之间的关系。结果：7176名被调查者中，5319名无抑郁相关症状，1857名患有抑郁相关症状。PHQ-9评分在不同性别、种族、学历、婚姻状况及家庭收入与贫困比率的被调查者中比较，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；铜摄入量在不同种族、学历、婚姻状况及家庭收入与贫困比率的被调查者中比较，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；KS检验分析结果，发现抑郁症患者和正常人的铜摄入量有显著差异(P < 0.0001)；logistic回归模型显示，与对照组(铜总量Q1)相比，Q2 (OR = 0.726)、Q3 (OR = 0.655)和Q4 (OR = 0.647)组人群的抑郁症发病风险均显著降低(P < 0.05)。结论：被调查者女性比男性患抑郁症风险高，学历越高、家庭经济状况越好患抑郁症状的风险越低，且膳食中充足的铜摄入量对降低抑郁风险及改善抑郁症有一定作用。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship between population characteristics, copper intake and depression in American adults, and to provide dietary guidance for the prevention and treatment of depression. Methods: Adults aged 18 years and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018 were selected as the study subjects. Two 24h dietary review questionnaires were used to obtain copper intake information. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used to analyze the difference in copper intake between depressed patients and normal controls, and the relationship between copper intake and the risk of depression was analyzed by the logistic regression model. Results: Among 7176 respondents, 5319 had no depressive symptoms and 1857 had depressive symptoms. The PHQ-9 score was compared among the respondents with different gender, race, education, marital status and family income-to-poverty ratios, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The copper intake was higher among the respondents of different races, education, marital status and family income to poverty ratio. The difference has statistical meaning (P < 0.05). The results of the KS test showed that there were significant differences in copper intake between depressed patients and normal people (P < 0.0001). The logistic regression model showed that compared with the control group (total copper Q1), the risk of depression in Q2 (OR = 0.726), Q3 (OR = 0.655) and Q4 (OR = 0.647) groups was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Female subjects have a higher risk of depression than male subjects. The higher the education level and the better the family’s economic status, the lower the risk of depression symptoms, and adequate intake of copper in the diet can reduce depression.