基于“最近发展区”的高中数学教学案例——高中“直线与圆的位置关系”教学

A Case Study of High School Mathematics Teaching Based on the “Recent Development Zone”—Teaching of “The Positional Relationship between Straight Line and Circle” in Senior High School

摘要: 核心素养是学生应具备的适应终身发展和社会发展需要的必备品格和关键能力，基于核心素养的数学教学能发展学生的现有水平，丰富学生的认知结构，使学生快速与社会接轨。随着课程改革的不断推进，最近发展区在数学教学中发挥着重大作用，立足于学生原有的知识基础、心理结构、学习特点，实现“知识”核心向“素养”核心的转变。本案例通过梳理《直线与圆的位置关系》的知识点，从教学现状、学生认知水平出发，关注学生知识的主动建构过程，运用最近发展区理论教学，以期为高中数学解析几何的教学提供参考。

Abstract: Core literacy is a necessary character and key ability that students should possess to meet the needs of lifelong development and social development. Mathematics teaching based on core literacy can develop students’ current level, enrich their cognitive structure, and enable them to quickly integrate with society. With the continuous advancement of curriculum reform, the recent development zone plays a significant role in mathematics teaching, based on the original knowledge base, psychological structure, and learning characteristics of students, to achieve the transformation from the “knowledge” core to the “literacy” core. This case will focus on the active construction process of students’ knowledge through the “positional relationship between straight lines and circles” from the perspective of teaching status and students’ cognitive level, using the theory of the zone of proximal development to provide reference for the teaching of mathematical analytic geometry in senior high schools.