上海市规模以上工业企业的从业人数探讨——基于聚类分析和主成分分析模型

Exploration of the Number of Employees in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size in Shanghai—Based on Clustering Analysis and Principal Component Analysis Models

摘要: 本文选取了2021年上海市规模以上的工业企业(包含33个行业)，不同职业类型的从业人员期末人数数据。通过系统聚类和K均值聚类方法进行聚类分析，对这33个行业进行分类，系统聚类将其分为4类，K均值聚类分别分为4类和5类两种情形。再通过主成分分析，确定不同职业类型中的第一主成分和第二主成分，然后计算得分，得到主成分综合评价。结果表明，上海市各行业里从事计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业，汽车制造业和通用设备制造业的人数较多。随着大数据时代的发展，未来相关领域的从事人数是否会进继续增加，值得学者进一步探讨。

Abstract: This article selects data on the number of employees from industrial enterprises above designated size (including 33 industries) and different occupational types in Shanghai in 2021. Cluster analysis was conducted using systematic clustering and K-means clustering methods to classify these 33 industries. Systematic clustering divided them into 4 categories, while K-means clustering was divided into 2 categories: 4 and 5, respectively. Then, through principal component analysis, determine the first and second principal components in different occupational types, and calculate the scores to obtain a comprehensive principal component evaluation. The results indicate that there are more people engaged in computer, communication, and other electronic equipment manufacturing, automotive manufacturing, and general equipment manufacturing in various industries in Shanghai. With the development of the big data era, it is worth further exploration by scholars whether the number of professionals in related fields will continue to increase in the future.