周期信号分离创新实践教学装置设计与实现

Design and Implementation of Innovative Practical Teaching Device for Periodic Signal Separation

摘要: 针对电子信息类专业创新课程实践教学，以工程应用中周期信号有效分离为目标，研究开发了一种基于FPGA芯片和STM32微处理器，集信号混合、采集、频谱分析、数字滤波、信号再生于一体的双路周期信号分离实践教学装置。首先，由加法器完成两路周期信号混合，经A/D离散采样传输至FPGA芯片；其次，经带通滤波和高速采样，发送至STM32处理器进行快速傅立叶变换，经频谱分析判断识别出信号类型和频率；然后，将两路信号识别结果发送给FPGA芯片，对混合信号分两路分别进行带通滤波、波形转换、波形选择输出；最后由插值滤波处理后送入D/A再生分离信号。实验结果表明，该装置能够有效分离双路20 kHz~100 kHz正弦、三角波信号，且分离信号与原始信号特征相同、无失真，适用于信号处理类课程实践教学和新工科创新人才培养。

Abstract: A dual channel periodic signal separation practical teaching device based on FPGA chips and STM32 microprocessors, integrating signal mixing, acquisition, spectrum analysis, digital filtering, and signal regeneration, has been developed for innovative courses in electronic information majors, with the goal of effectively separating periodic signals in engineering applications. Firstly, the adder completes the mixing of two periodic signals, which are then transmitted to the FPGA chip through A/D discrete sampling; secondly, after band pass filtering and high-speed sampling, it is sent to the STM32 processor for fast Fourier transform, and the signal type and frequency are identified through spectrum analysis; then, the recognition results of the two signals are sent to the FPGA chip, and the mixed signal is divided into two channels for band pass filtering, waveform conversion, and waveform selection output; finally, it is processed by interpolation filtering and sent to the D/A regeneration separation signal. The experimental results show that the device can effectively separate dual 20 kHz~100 kHz sine and triangular wave signals, and the separated signals have the same characteristics as the original signals without distortion. It is suitable for practical teaching of signal processing courses and the cultivation of innovative talents in new engineering.