冠状动脉钙化研究进展

Progress in the Study of Coronary Artery Calcification

摘要: 冠状动脉钙化是由于钙和磷酸盐以羟基磷灰石的形式结晶而引起，多种机制促使羟基磷灰石储存于冠状动脉壁的细胞外基质中导致的病理性改变。冠状动脉钙化，伴随着动脉粥样硬化的发展，与心血管疾病的传统危险因素、血运重建术后再发心血管事件及未来的心血管事件密切相关。在严重钙化病变的冠脉中，不仅常规的经皮冠状动脉介入手术并不能顺利地进行，而且介入手术即刻的并发症以及早期和晚期主要不良心血管事件的发生率明显升高。本文将对冠状动脉钙化的机制、目前的冠脉内影像学检测及介入治疗进行综述。

Abstract: Coronary artery calcification is a pathologic change caused by the crystallization of calcium and phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite, which multiple mechanisms contribute to the storage of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix of the coronary artery wall. Coronary artery calcification, which accompanies the development of atherosclerosis, is strongly associated with traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, recurrent cardiovascular events after hemodialysis, and future cardiovascular events. In coronary arteries with severely calcified lesions, not only conventional percutaneous coronary interventions do not go smoothly, but also the rate of immediate complications of the interventions as well as early and late major adverse cardiovascular events is significantly higher. This article will review the mechanisms of coronary artery calcification, current intracoronary imaging tests, and interventional treatments.