ω-3脂肪酸在儿童哮喘治疗研究中的进展

Advancements in the Research on Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Treatment of Asthma in Children

摘要: 哮喘是一种广泛存在的呼吸系统疾病，在全球范围内具有相当大的影响力，其影响遍及不同地域，在不同人群中的发病率从1%到18%不等。从一系列观察性和干预性研究中收集到的数据表明了n-3脂肪酸在改善炎症方面的潜在治疗能力，这与哮喘发病机制密切相关。因此，ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFAs)已成为目前研究的一个焦点，是一种前景广阔治疗哮喘的辅助疗法，其治疗效果的机制是多方面的，特点是复杂的相互作用，包括两种直接方式，如将花生四烯酸置换为二十碳五烯酸的底物，并随后调节其代谢，以及还有涉及炎症基因转录激活调控变化的间接途径。此外，ω-3 PUFAs还能产生一系列专门的炎症相关介质，即消退素，它们在抑制炎症过程进展方面发挥着协同作用。重要的是，膳食中补充ω-3脂肪酸或其生物活性衍生物对健康的影响微乎其微。因此，通过补充ω-3脂肪酸这一非药物干预策略，有可能为哮喘的治疗带来益处。

Abstract: Asthma epitomizes a widespread respiratory ailment of considerable global significance, exerting its impact across varied geographical landscapes, with prevalence rates ranging from 1% to 18% across different population cohorts. A synthesis of evidence gleaned from an array of observational and interventional investigations collectively underscores the potential therapeutic prowess of n-3 fatty acids in ameliorating inflammatory cascades, particularly those intricately linked with the pathogenesis of asthma. Consequently, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have emerged as a focal point of inquiry, representing a promising adjunctive therapeutic avenue in the management of asthma. The mechanistic orchestration underlying the therapeutic effects of ω-3 PUFAs is multifaceted, characterized by intricate interplays encompassing both direct modalities, such as the displacement of arachidonic acid as a substrate for eicosanoid biosynthesis and subsequent modulation of their metabolism, and indirect pathways involving regulatory alterations in the transcriptional activation of inflammatory genes. Furthermore, ω-3 PUFAs engender a repertoire of specialized pro-resolving mediators, notably resolvins, which exert concerted efforts in attenuating the progression of inflammatory processes. Importantly, dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids or their bioactive derivatives has been correlated with negligible adversities on pivotal health indices. Consequently, the burgeoning interest in ω-3 fatty acid supplementation represents a compelling non-pharmacological intervention strategy with the potential to confer therapeutic dividends in the management paradigm of asthma.