探究保水装置对树苗根区水盐及灌水周期的影响

Exploring the Effects of Water Retention Devices on Water and Salt Content in the Root Zone of Seedlings and Irrigation Cycles

摘要: 目的：滴灌技术的普及使盐分不断积累在湿润体边缘，导致土壤盐碱化，同时田间渠道无水及时灌溉林带，防风林带的死亡率剧增，该文提出一种节水冲洗林带根区盐分的方法。方法：在呼图壁二十里店镇的棉田选择一块地，在滴头流量、灌水时间及灌水次数相同的条件下，对榆树苗根区采用保水装置处理和不处理的两种对比试验，研究根区水盐的变化及灌水周期的影响。结果：根区采用保水装置处理时，该装置保护林带的树皮、降低根区土壤的蒸发量，灌水周期可延长25天，成活率可高达98%。灌水6次后，在湿润体内水平距40 cm、不同深度取土检测盐分的结果表明：榆树苗根区用保水装置处理比不处理相比多淋洗1.68 g/kg的盐分，根区土壤盐分的降低很明显。结论：根区土壤盐分的降低量不仅与土壤性质、根区土壤温度、易溶盐的多少及灌水量有关，而且水样的盐分和pH值也有关系。

Abstract: Objective: The popularization of drip irrigation technology has led to the continuous accumulation of salt at the edge of moist soil, resulting in soil stalinization. At the same time, there is no water in field channels to irrigate forest belts in a timely manner, resulting in a sharp increase in the mortality rate of windbreak forest belts. This article proposes a water-saving method for flushing salt in the root zone of forest belts. Methods: Selecting a piece of land in the cotton field of Ershilidian Town in Hutubi, under the same conditions of drip flow rate, irrigation time, and irrigation frequency, two comparative experiments were conducted on the root zone of elm seedlings using a water retention device treatment and no treatment, to study the changes in water and salt in the root zone and the impact of irrigation cycle. Result: When the root zone is treated with a water retention device, the device protects the bark of the forest belt and reduces the evaporation of the root zone soil. The irrigation cycle can be extended by 25 days, and the survival rate can reach up to 98%. After 6 rounds of watering, soil samples were taken at different depths and a horizontal distance of 40 cm inside the moist body to detect salt content. The results showed that the root zone of elm seedlings treated with a water retention device leached 1.68 g/kg more salt than untreated, and the reduction of soil salt content in the root zone was significant. Conclusion: The decrease in soil salinity in the root zone is not only related to soil properties, root zone soil temperature, the amount of soluble salts, and irrigation amount, but also to the salinity and pH value of the water sample.