论意定代理权授予错误的法律效果

Discussion on the Legal Consequences of Granting Agency by Mistake

摘要: 意定代理权授予错误后的法律效果有多种选择，存在构成表见代理的“强保护模式”与构成消极损害赔偿的“弱保护模式”。本文先从表见代理的构成要件出发，重点抓住风险归责原则，阐述了成立表见代理之可能；然后论述既有损害赔偿方案的利弊，进行甄别优化；最后否认善意相对人对于法律效果的选择可能性，并根据《民法典》157条和172条，平衡被代理人的意思自治与相对人的信赖保护以实现对损害的分担。

Abstract: There are multiple choices for the legal consequences of granting agency by mistake, which can be categorized into the “strong protection mode” of constituting apparent agency and the “weak protection mode” of constituting passive damages compensation. Starting from the elements of constituting apparent agency, this article focuses on the principle of risk attribution to elaborate on the possibility of establishing apparent agency. Then, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing damage compensation schemes and conducts discernment and optimization. Finally, it denies the possibility of the relative person in good faith choosing the legal consequences and balances the principle of autonomy of the principal and the protection of reliance of the relative person in accordance with Articles 157 and 172 of the Civil Code to achieve the sharing of damages.