从法经济学视角谈保险人惩罚性赔偿制度

Punitive Compensation System of Insurer from the Perspectives of Law and Economics

摘要: 随着保险市场日渐成熟，保险产品走进千家万户之际，信息不对称导致的保险人侵权情形仍具普遍性，司法实践中仅以传统民事责任上单纯的补偿性赔偿已不足以惩戒实施违法行为的保险人。经济学对法律进行规范分析是一个有力的工具，把经济学的理性选择分析工具运用于法律领域，通过成本效益理论、威慑理论，探索法经济学视角下保险人惩罚性赔偿机制的合理性。在此基础上，构建保险人惩罚性赔偿制度，完善举证责任分配及惩罚性赔偿金额计算配套机制，使惩罚性赔偿更好地应用于保险领域，实现其惩戒预防的制度价值，维护保险人的合法权益。

Abstract: With the insurance market becoming increasingly mature and insurance products being introduced into millions of households, the issue of insurers’ torts caused by information asymmetry remains pervasive. In judicial practice, mere compensatory compensation under traditional civil liability is no longer sufficient to penalize insurers engaging in illegal activities. The normative analysis of law through economics provides a powerful tool for examining the rationality of punitive compensation mechanisms for insurers from both legal and economic perspectives, employing cost-benefit theory and deterrence theory. Building upon this foundation, it is necessary to establish an insurer’s punitive compensation system that enhances the distribution of burden of proof and improves the calculation mechanism for determining punitive compensation amounts. This will enable more effective application of punitive compensation in the insurance sector, realizing its institutional value in preventing misconduct and safeguarding insurers’ legitimate rights and interests.