个人信息被遗忘权的确立基础与构造路径——基于《个人信息保护法》第47条

The Establishment Basis and Construction Path of the Right of Personal Information to Be Forgotten—Based on Article 47 of the Personal Information Protection Law

摘要: 我国《个人信息保护法》第47条对个人信息删除权的规定，在一定程度上反映被遗忘权的实质精神。删除是被遗忘权的重要手段，被遗忘权是删除的实现目的，二者属于交叉竞合关系。被遗忘权是保护信息主体人格利益与再社会化权利的必要措施，能够弥补现有删除权的功能缺失。实践中，被遗忘权与公众的知情权、言论自由权存在价值冲突，信息繁杂性与流通性致使遗忘操作困难，加之高成本抑制作用共同导致信息遗忘效果难以实现。我国应当在删除权基础上确立被遗忘权，通过层次化权利主体、扩大化义务主体、类别化权利客体以及精细化权利义务内容，构造具有本土适用性与可操作性的被遗忘权。

Abstract: The provisions of Article 47 of the Personal Information Protection Law on the right to delete personal information reflect the essence of the right to be forgotten to a certain extent. Deletion is an important means of the right to be forgotten, and the right to be forgotten is the purpose of deletion. The two belong to the cross-competition relationship. The right to be forgotten is a necessary measure to protect the personality interests and re-socialization rights of information subjects, which can make up for the lack of function of the existing deletion right. In practice, there is a value conflict between the right to be forgotten and the public’s right to know and the right to freedom of speech. The complexity and circulation of information make it difficult to forget the operation, and the high cost inhibition together makes it difficult to achieve the effect of information forgetting. China should establish the right to be forgotten on the basis of the right to delete, and construct the right to be forgotten with local applicability and operability through hierarchical subject of rights, expanded subject of obligations, classified object of rights and refined content of rights and obligations.