多模态视角下婴幼儿指令行为的会话分析研究

Conversation Analytic Study of Infant Directives from a Multi-Modal Perspective

摘要: 亲子互动中指令行为是十分常见的社会行为，婴幼儿的指令行为能力对婴幼儿语言能力、认知能力及互动能力具有重要的影响。本研究基于两位汉语为母语的婴幼儿约9个小时的家庭亲子互动录像(6月~1岁10月)，运用会话分析的研究方法，转写并析出169例婴幼儿指令的会话片段。在此基础上，描写婴幼儿在前语言阶段，执行指令行为的多模态互动资源。研究发现，婴幼儿执行指令的互动资源包括眼神、手势、身势。虽然该年龄段的婴幼儿执行指令行为的复杂程度不高，但是在家长的配合下，婴幼儿已然能够成功完成基本的指令行为。当婴幼儿指令行为并未得到及时回应时，8月龄的婴幼儿已经能够扩展指令序列，协助成人完成对其指令行为的识解。本文对汉语婴幼儿指令行为的研究具有一定的借鉴价值，对亲子互动的研究具有一定的启示。

Abstract: Directives is a very common social behavior in parent-child interaction, and the directive ability of infants has an important influence on their language ability, cognitive ability and interaction ability. This study is based on two families’ parent-child interaction video recordings (ranging from 6 months to 1 year and 10 months), and two infants whose native language is Chinese. By using conversation analysis, translating and analyzing the language materials, we have got 169 cases of infant directive fragments. On this basis, it describes the multi-modal interaction resources of executing the directives in the previous language stage. The study reveals that interactive resources for infants and children to perform directives include eyes, gestures and body potential. Although the complexity of infants in executing the directives in this age group is not high, infants can successfully complete the basic directives with the cooperation of their parents. When the infant directives are not responded in time, the infants at 8 months have been able to expand the directive sequence to assist the adults to understand their directives. This paper has some reference value for the study of Chinese infant directives and some enlightenment for the study of parent-child interaction.