西宁市社区老年人主观幸福感现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the Status Quo and Influencing Factors of Subjective Well-Being of the Elderly in Xining Community

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在调查了解青海省西宁市社区老年人主观幸福感现状，探讨主观幸福感影响因素，全面提高老年人幸福感。方法：采用多阶段随机抽样方法，选取在青海省西宁市城东区、城西区两所社区医院参加健康体检的老年人进行问卷调查，调查内容包括基本情况、焦虑、抑郁及主观幸福感水平，采用单因素分析和多重线性回归分析老年人主观幸福感影响因素。结果：共调查304位老年人，其中女性177人(58.20%)、焦虑11人(3.60%)、抑郁210人(69.10%)。单因素分析结果显示，婚姻状况、睡眠时长、睡眠质量、焦虑、抑郁等因素对老年人主观幸福感有影响(P < 0.05)。结论：老年人主观幸福感得分处于中度幸福感水平，丧偶和重度抑郁老年人主观幸福感较低。建议社区重点关注空巢老年人及老年人心理健康状况并及时采取相应干预措施，从社区提高老年人养老舒适度和幸福感，做到老年人幸福养老。

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status quo of subjective well-being of the elderly in Xining City, Qinghai Province, explore the factors affecting subjective well-being, and comprehensively improve the well-being of the elderly. Methods: A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select elderly people who participated in physical examination in two community hospitals in Chengdong District and Chengxi District of Xining City, Qinghai Province for questionnaire survey. The survey contents included basic information, anxiety, depression and subjective well-being level. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of elderly subjective well-being. Results: A total of 304 elderly people were investigated, of which 177 were female (58.20%), 11 were anxious (3.60%) and 210 were depressed (69.10%). The results of single factor analysis showed that marital status, sleep duration, sleep quality, anxiety, depression and other factors had an impact on the subjective well-being of the elderly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The subjective well-being of the elderly was in the moderate level, and the subjective well-being of the widowed and severely depressed elderly was lower. It is suggested that the community should pay attention to the empty nest elderly and the mental health status of the elderly and take corresponding intervention measures in time, improve the comfort and happiness of the elderly from the community, and achieve the happiness of the elderly.