植物花器官发育的研究

Advances in Floral Organ Development in Plants

摘要: 20世纪90年代初，最初提出的花发育模型是ABC模型，该模型使研究者对花的结构及其发育调控机制有了初步的了解，随后又有研究者在矮牵牛中发现了调控胚珠发育的D类基因，于是在之前ABC模型的基础上，进一步提出了ABCD模型。随着对花结构研究的不断深入，2001年提出了现在最新的花发育模型ABCDE模型。基于对植物花器官发育的研究的不断深入了解，发现其分子机制非常复杂，涉及到很多基因的共同调控，这些基因在花的各种组织和发育阶段中特化并精确地发挥作用。花器官的发育由器官特性基因决定，同时受到多种调控机制的影响。花器官特异性ABCDE基因多为转录因子MADS家族中的一员。并且过去的研究也已提供了令人信服的证据，证明MADS-Box转录因子在开花植物的进化过程中起着关键作用。其作为花器官身份的主要调节因子，MADS-Box蛋白是经典ABC花卉发育模型的核心。其中，作为花卉器官发育的关键转录因子，MADS-Box基因能够改变整个发育过程，因而成为研究花卉器官最广泛的基因家族。本文对MADS-Box基因及其在花卉器官发生、分化、形态构建等方面的调控作用进行了梳理，为该家族基因的进一步深入挖掘和花卉发育调控理论的完善提供了借鉴。

Abstract: In the early 1990 s, the first proposed flower development model was ABC model, which enabled researchers to have a preliminary understanding of flower structure and its developmental regulation mechanism. Later, some researchers found class D genes regulating ovule development in petunias, so on the basis of the previous ABC model, ABCD model was further proposed. With the deepening of research on flower structure, ABCDE model, the latest flower development model, was proposed in 2001. Based on the continuous in-depth understanding of the development of plant flower organs, it is found that its molecular mechanism is very complex, involving the co-regulation of many genes, which are specialized and play precise roles in various tissues and development stages of flowers. The development of flower organs is determined by organ characteristic genes and influenced by various regulatory mechanisms. Floral organ-specific ABCDE genes are mostly members of the MADS family of transcription factors. Previous studies have also provided compelling evidence that MADS-Box transcription factors play a key role in the evolution of flowering plants. As a major regulator of flower organ identity, MADS-Box protein is the core of the classic ABC flower development model. As a key transcription factor in flower organ development, MADS-Box gene can change the entire development process, thus becoming the most widely studied gene family of flower organs. In this paper, the MADS-Box gene and its regulatory role in flower organogenesis, differentiation and morphological construction were reviewed, providing references for further exploration of this family gene and improvement of flower development regulation theory.