地塞米松不同使用途径在神经阻滞中的应用

The Application of Different Pathways of Dexamethasone in Nerve Block

摘要: 地塞米松(dexamethasone)作为神经阻滞佐剂(nerve block adjuvant)，因其镇痛效果好且持续时间久被广泛应用于临床中。临床工作中，地塞米松具体给药方式有所不同，说明书使用途径推荐静脉应用，但神经阻滞中，作为神经阻滞佐剂，多与局部麻醉药配伍使用作用于局部神经周围(perineural)。已证实这两种给药方式都可加强局部麻醉药的作用。目前研究地塞米松不同使用途径在神经阻滞中的作用原理及效果对比尚有争议，本文就上述问题有关的最新研究进行综述，以期望为臂丛神经阻滞麻醉更好的临床实践提供有用的参考价值，进一步实现舒适化医疗。

Abstract: Dexamethasone, as a nerve block adjuvant, is widely used in clinical practice due to its good analgesic effect and long duration. In clinical practice, the specific administration method of dexamethasone varies. The instructions recommend intravenous use, but in nerve block, as a nerve block adjuvant, it is often used in combination with local anesthetics to act around the local nerves. It has been confirmed that both administration methods can enhance the effect of local anesthetics. At present, there is still controversy over the principles and effects of different pathways of dexamethasone use in nerve block. This article reviews the latest research related to the above issues, in order to provide useful reference value for better clinical practice of brachial plexus block anesthesia and further achieve comfortable medical care.