机构身份的动态构建作为诈骗资源的会话分析研究——以电话诈骗为例

A Conversation Analysis Study on the Dynamic Construction of Institutional Identity as a Resource for Fraud—Taking Telephone Fraud as an Example

摘要: 语用学视角下的电话诈骗是犯罪分子通过冒充他人信息，采取电话交流的方式，实施诈骗的一种犯罪，其危害社会稳定与人民财产安全。本研究选取真实的电话诈骗录音(50例，约4小时)，运用会话分析的研究方法，转写并分析了犯罪分子与受骗群众之间的言语互动行为。研究发现犯罪分子通过动态构建机构身份来实施诈骗行为，且在诈骗活动的不同阶段其身份构建的方式有所差异。诈骗活动初始阶段，自报身份(self-identification)是主要的显性身份构建方式；当受害群众对诈骗活动有所怀疑时，犯罪分子常常通过恫吓(intimidate)等行为来构建显性的结构身份，用于诈骗的交际目的。本研究对诈骗电话中身份的动态建构研究具有一定的启示，对言语交际的宏观结构对诈骗电话中身份的构建限制研究具有一定的价值。

Abstract: From the perspective of pragmatics, telephone fraud is a criminal act in which criminals impersonate others and engage in fraudulent activities through telephone communication, posing a threat to social stability and people’s financial security. In this study, we selected 50 real telephone fraud recordings (approximately 4 hours in total) and applied conversation analysis as our research method to transcribe and analyze the verbal interaction behaviors between the criminals and the victims. The research found that criminals dynamically construct institutional identities to carry out fraud, and the ways in which they construct their identities vary at different stages of the fraudulent activities. In the initial stage of the fraud, self-identification is the primary explicit identity construction method; when victims become suspicious, criminals often resort to intimidation and other behaviors to establish explicit institutional identities for the purpose of fraud in communication. This study provides insights into the dynamic construction of identities in fraudulent phone calls and holds value in researching the limitations imposed by the macro structure of speech communication on identity construction in fraudulent phone calls.