认知语言学视角下“hot”的义项分析

A Study on the Meanings of “hot” from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

摘要: 感觉是人们与客观世界接触的直接方式，而人们对于客观世界的认识与探索正是借助语言才得以表达。感知形容词表述人们五大感官感知到的事物性质，状态及变化。该文从认知语言学角度出发，以感知形容词“hot”为语料分析一词多义现象，探究其背后的理据意义。研究发现：“hot”的延伸义中，7项属于隐喻义的扩展，9项体现出隐喻与转喻思维的融合，表明隐喻在词义扩展中的作用大于转喻；隐喻性义项基于事物相似性进行衍生，转喻性义项则基于邻近性或突显性进行扩展。由此可见，隐喻在多义词的解析过程中起到了不可替代的作用，为一词多义的认知方式和记忆提供了有效的语义关联。

Abstract: The senses are direct ways for people to contact with the objective world, and it is through language that their knowledge and exploration of this objective world can be expressed. Perceptual adjectives express the nature, state and change of things perceived by people’s senses. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of polysemy with perceptual adjective “hot” as the corpus, and discusses the rationale behind this word. It has been found that there are seven metaphorical meanings and other nine meanings are the blending of metonymical and metaphorical thought, among the extended meanings of “hot” . It demonstrates that metaphor is more crucial to the extension of word meaning than metonymy. Furthermore, metaphorical items are derived based on similarity while metonymical items are expanded by contiguity or prominence. The study shows that metaphor plays an essential role in the interpretation of polysemous words, offering some effective semantic association for the cognitive style and memorization of such polysemous words.