多式联运集装箱港口堆存箱位分配研究

Study on Storage Space Allocation in Multimodal Container Ports

摘要: 集装箱多式联运港口作为联运网络的核心节点，其作业效率与整个联运网络的通过效率直接相关，而堆场作业效率对港口整体效率保证尤为重要。港口实际作业中，基于船舶配载计划对堆场待装船集装箱进行合理的箱位分配，可以有效提高堆场作业效率。在集装箱多式联运背景下，考虑船舶配载计划，以公路、铁路、水路集港的待装船集装箱为对象，结合场桥作业研究堆场集装箱的箱位分配问题。为保证堆场整体作业效率，建立集装箱堆场翻箱量最小和场桥作业时间最短的两阶段数学模型，并改进人工蜂群算法进行求解。为避免两阶段求解对全局最优影响，通过信息素与灵敏度协同来平衡两阶段最优解得到最优方案。算例研究表明：改进人工蜂群算法求解得到的堆场翻箱量和场桥作业时间均优于人工蜂群算法和遗传算法；随着算例规模的增大，改进人工蜂群算法的优势更加凸显，求解质量和效率均表现最好。以上结果论证了所构建模型与算法的有效性，对于港口实际制定堆场箱位分配计划具有一定的参考意义。

Abstract: As the core node of the intermodal container transport network, the operation efficiency of the container multimodal port is directly related to the passing efficiency of the entire intermodal transport network, and the operation efficiency of the storage yard is particularly important to ensure the overall efficiency of the port. In the actual operation of the port, the reasonable space allocation of containers waiting for loading based on the ship stowage plan can effectively improve the operation efficiency of the storage yard. Under the background of container multimodal transport, the space allocation of container in storage yard is studied by considering the ship stowing plan, taking the containers waiting to be loaded in highway, railway and waterway port as the object and combining with yard bridge operation. In order to ensure the overall operation efficiency of the container yard, a two-stage mathematical model of minimum turnover and minimum operation time of the yard bridge was established, and the artificial bee colony algorithm was improved to solve the problem. In order to avoid the influence of two-stage solution on the global optimal, the optimal scheme is obtained by the coordination of pheromone and sensitivity to balance the two-stage optimal solution. The results show that the improved artificial bee colony algorithm is better than the general artificial bee colony algorithm and genetic algorithm in terms of yard turnover and bridge operation time. With the increase of the scale of the example, the advantages of the improved artificial bee colony algorithm are more prominent, and the solution quality and efficiency are the best. The results above demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm, and have a certain reference significance for the actual development of storage yard space allocation plan.