《唐律疏议》中“熏狐狸”行为及其狐狸形象探析——基于卷十八《贼盗律》

An Analysis of the Behavior of “Smoked Fox” and Its Fox Image in the Tang Code—Based on Chapter XVIII “Violence and Robbery”

摘要: 在“德礼为政教之本，刑罚为政教之用”观念的指导下，《唐律疏议》中自然包含了葬礼等礼制元素，卷十八《贼盗律》第267条即属于此类。值得注意的是此条中亦包含早已被纳入道德秩序中的动物：狐狸，并伴随有“熏狐狸”的人类行为。“熏狐狸”在律文中的出现可看作是唐代狐狸的频繁出现、人民对尸体和墓地保护意识的提高以及法律适用性的扩大这三方面结合的产物。由于唐代狐狸形象丰富且特殊，因此律文中的狐狸可从生物狐、胡化狐以及异化狐三个层面进行分析，熏狐狸熏的是狐狸亦是胡俗、淫祀和妖怪。法律、动物以及丧葬在此条中的结合推动了礼文化的继续发展，顺应民间习俗的律文创新在确保国家机器运行之时亦体现了统治者的权威。

Abstract: Under the guidance of the concept of “virtue and propriety are the foundation of politics and education, and punishment is used for politics and education”, the Tang Code naturally contains funeral and other ritual elements Article 267 of chapter XVIII “Violence and Robbery” belongs to this kind. It is notable that this article also includes an animal that has long been included in the moral order: fox, accompanied by the human behavior of “smoked fox”. The appearance of “smoked fox” in the legal text can be seen as the combination of the frequent appearance of foxes in the Tang Dynasty, the improvement of people’s awareness of protecting corpses and cemeteries, and the expansion of legal applicability. Due to the special image of fox in the Tang Dynasty, the fox in the law can be analyzed from the three aspects of biological fox, foreigner fox and spirit fox. “Smoked fox” means smoke away foreign customs, informal sacrifices and monsters. The combination of law, animals and burial promoted the continued development of the ritual culture, and the code innovation in accordance with folk customs also reflected the authority of the emperor while ensuring the operation of the state machinery.