妊娠期妇女怀孕压力与心理韧性、医患关系、社会支持的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Pregnancy Stress, Psychological Resilience, Doctor-Patient Relationship and Social Support in Pregnant Women

摘要: 目的：调查产妇妊娠期怀孕压力、心理韧性、医患关系、社会支持的现状，并分析怀孕压力与三者之间的关系，为缓解妊娠期妇女怀孕压力提供依据。方法：通过便利抽样纳入2020年11月~2021年1月期间在十堰市某三甲医院就诊的260例产后三个月内产妇，应用怀孕压力量表、领悟社会支持量表、心理韧性量表和中文版医患关系量表进行调查。结果：本研究共计纳入251例孕妇，产妇妊娠期的怀孕压力得分为(55.39 ± 15.43)分，为中度压力水平；心理韧性得分为(33.61 ± 6.92)分，为中等心理韧性水平；医患关系得分为(26.29 ± 9.69)分，表明患者认为医患关系较好；社会支持得分为(60.98 ± 18.54)分，为中间支持水平；产妇妊娠期怀孕压力得分与医患关系得分呈正相关(P < 0.01)，怀孕压力得分与社会支持得分呈负相关(P < 0.05)；多元线性回归分析结果显示，教育程度、医生的满意度、怀孕期间对孕期及分娩知识的了解程度为怀孕压力的影响因素，共可解释37.1%的方差变异量。结论：产妇妊娠期怀孕压力处于中等水平，社会支持属于较低水平，心理韧性处于较高水平，医患关系处于较低水平；高水平的心理弹性是降低怀孕压力的影响因素。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the status quo of pregnancy stress, psychological resilience, doctor-patient relationship and social support in pregnant women, and analyze the relationship between pregnancy stress and the three, so as to provide evidence for relieving pregnancy stress in pregnant women. Methods: From November 2020 to January 2021, 260 cases of pregnant women who visited a top-three hospital in Shiyan City within three months after delivery were selected in the convenience sampling and investigated by using pregnancy stress scale, perceptive social support scale, psychological resilience scale and Chinese doctor-patient relationship scale. Results: A total of 251 pregnant women were included in this study, and the pregnancy stress score in pregnant women was (55.39 ± 15.43), indicating moderate stress level. The psychological resilience score was (33.61 ± 6.92), indicating medium psychological resilience level. The score of doctor-patient relationship was (26.29 ± 9.69), indicating that patients thought doctor-patient relationship was good. The social support score was (60.98 ± 18.54), indicating middle support level. There was a positive correlation between pregnancy stress and doctor-patient relationship score in pregnant women (P < 0.01), and a negative correlation between pregnancy stress and social support score (P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level, doctor’s satisfaction and knowledge of pregnancy and childbirth in pregnant women were the influencing factors of pregnancy stress, accounting for 37.1% of the variance variability. Conclusion: The pregnancy stress was at a medium level, the social support was at a low level, the psychological resilience was at a high level, and the doctor-patient relationship was at a low level. A high level of mental resilience is an influential factor in reducing pregnancy stress.