椎管内麻醉中常用辅助镇静药物的研究进展

Research Progress on Adjuvant Sedative Drugs Commonly Used in Neuraxial Anesthesia

摘要: 近年来，随着麻醉技术的不断提升和无痛舒适化医疗理念的推广，麻醉工作不仅仅只局限在术中镇痛，我们不仅要考虑患者围术期的生理变化，同时要考虑到患者的心理变化。椎管内麻醉在临床麻醉中是不可缺少的麻醉方法，麻醉后患者意识处于清醒状态，手术医师的操作，手术间里的机械声音等会使患者感觉恐惧和不适，为了减少患者焦虑，紧张的状态，麻醉医师常辅助一些镇静药物来使患者达到睡眠状态，从而使患者在手术过程中不愉快的情绪减少。随着医疗技术不断提高，不同种类麻醉药物也在不断更新，选择一种起效快、代谢快、副作用小、安全性高的麻醉药品对麻醉医师来说非常重要。本文就目前几种常用的静脉镇静药物的特点及应用展开综述。

Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous improvement of anesthesia technology and the promotion of the concept of painless and comfortable medical treatment, anesthesia work is not only limited to intraoperative analgesia, we should not only consider the physiological changes of patients during the perioperative period, but also take into account the psychological changes of patients. Neuraxial anesthesia is an indispensable anesthesia method in clinical anesthesia, after anesthesia, the patient’s consciousness is in a state of awakening, the operation of the surgeon, the mechanical sound in the operating room, etc., will make the patient feel frightened and uncomfortable, in order to reduce the patient’s anxiety and nervousness, the anesthesiologist often assists some sedative drugs to make the patient reach a sleep state, so that the patient’s unpleasant emotions during the operation are reduced. With the continuous improvement of medical technology, different types of anesthetic drugs are also constantly updated, and it is very important for anesthesiologists to choose a narcotic drug with fast onset, fast metabolism, few side effects and high safety. This article reviews the characteristics and applications of several commonly used intravenous sedative drugs.